Pink, inflamed or flaky spots on the skin not only look unaesthetic, but are also symptoms of some dermatological diseases. Today we will tell you about some of them.
Red spots on the skin: atopic dermatitis
Dermatological diseases can cause stains on human skin. One of them is atopic dermatitis.
As a rule, this disease has a chronic form of the course, with periods of exacerbation in the cold season and remission in the warm season (especially at sea). With this ailment, the human skin on the neck, knees, elbows, eyelids becomes covered with spots that have a red color and are accompanied by itching and flaking. The skin becomes dry, which is especially typical for children over the age of three and adults.
Atopic dermatitis is very common in young children. On the baby’s body, in particular on the neck, face and arms, red, flaky and often weeping spots form. Atopic dermatitis is often inherited, and it can manifest itself not only as skin rashes, but also:
- attacks of bronchial asthma;
- the appearance of a symptom of allergic rhinitis;
- tearing of the eyes, caused by an allergy to skin particles of dogs and cats, as well as flowering plants;
- the appearance of an allergy to medications or certain foods.
In the course of treatment during an exacerbation, a hypoallergenic diet can be prescribed, antihistamines, topical glucocorticosteroids , pimerolimus and tacrolimus preparations can be prescribed .
Furthermore, in acute human skin requires daily care – warm shower using mild, skin is not dried soap, followed by application to the dry areas of emollients – emollients .
Seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp and body
This disease is characterized by the appearance of red scaly patches on the scalp, face, eyebrows, nose and nasolabial folds, chest and ears. In babies under one year old, seborrheic dermatitis manifests itself in the form of erythematous scaly patches in the area of the body, arms and legs.
Yellow crusts are also a sign of this disease, the localization of which is the scalp. The main causative agents of seborrheic dermatitis are saprophytic yeast-like fungi belonging to the genus Malassezia .
In the process of treating seborrheic dermatitis, special creams and lotions are used that contain weak glucocorticosteroids , salicylic acid and agents with an antifungal effect.
Red spots on human skin: psoriasis
If this disease develops, the skin becomes covered with plaques in the form of red flaky, sometimes merging spots. The affected area includes the elbow and knee joints, lower back, buttocks and, in some cases, the scalp. In some cases, red spots with mild signs of peeling appear in the folds of the skin.
Psoriasis is treated by a dermatologist. As a rule, in this case, the use of special preparations for external use is prescribed, which include glucocorticosteroids , calcipotriol , salicylic acid. In case of insufficient effectiveness, a specialist can prescribe phototherapy procedures or systemic administration of the necessary drugs.
Pink spots: zoster Gibert
The main symptoms of this disease are round or oval light pink spots and papules with mild signs of peeling. They are located, as a rule, along the line of skin tension (on the back, this is similar to the arrangement of spruce branches). Some time before the appearance of intense rashes, a large plaque appears on the skin, which is called the maternal plaque.
The nature of this disease is not fully known. There is an assumption that herpesvirus of the seventh type becomes its causative agent. As a rule, treatment in such cases is not required. The rash goes away on its own within about two months.
Eczema coin-shaped
This disease manifests itself in the form of rounded spots with clear boundaries and covered with crusts and scales. The disease is accompanied by itching. The area of localization of rashes is the dorsum of the hand, lower leg, skin of the buttocks and upper limbs. Sometimes dry skin, frequent contact with household chemicals, harmful substances and some food products (raw meat, fish, citrus juice) become provocateurs.
To treat eczema, your doctor prescribes the use of topical anti-inflammatory and emollients. With a large lesion, systemic antihistamines and hyposensitizing drugs may be recommended . In addition, the influence of provoking factors should be excluded.
Fungal skin lesions
As a result of a fungal infection, small red scaly patches appear on the skin. Over time, they take the form of red rings slightly rising above the surface with a lighter shade in the center. Diagnosis of fungal diseases is carried out by the method of laboratory examination of scrapings from the surface of scales treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide. In some cases, inoculation is done on the medium for fungal infection. Parasitic fungi of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum are considered the causative agents of the disease . The disease is considered contagious and is transmitted through contact with sick people or animals.
In the course of treatment, systemic and local antifungal drugs are used. In addition, it is necessary to disinfect clothes and items that come into contact with problem skin.
Pityriasis versicolor
It is a common fungal infection caused by Piturosporum ovale . The main symptom of the disease is small round spots on the shoulders, neck and body of a person. Elements can merge, and as a result of exposure to sunlight, they become more noticeable, because the areas of the skin affected by this type of lichen do not tan.
For treatment, topical preparations containing ketoconazole , selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione , as well as antifungal ointments and creams containing salicylic acid are used.